Herpes: Symptoms, Treatment, and Reducing Transmission
Understand oral and genital herpes, possible symptoms, and how treatment may help manage outbreaks.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause cold sores around the mouth or sores around the genitals or anus. Many people have no symptoms or only mild symptoms. The virus can be passed on even when sores are not visible.
When symptoms occur, they may include painful blisters or ulcers that can return. A healthcare professional can assess symptoms and advise whether testing is appropriate. Other conditions can cause similar symptoms.
There is no cure for HSV, but antiviral medicines can help shorten or reduce the severity of outbreaks. For some people with frequent or distressing recurrences, a clinician may discuss daily suppressive treatment.
Avoid sexual contact when sores or warning symptoms are present, and discuss ways to reduce transmission with a healthcare professional. Seek advice if you are pregnant and may have genital herpes, or if symptoms are severe.
Get the first episode assessed promptly
An assessment while sores are present may help establish the cause and allow timely treatment. Condoms can reduce transmission risk but do not cover every affected area. Avoid kissing or oral sex during an oral outbreak, and avoid contact with affected genital areas during symptoms. New genital symptoms during pregnancy, inability to pass urine, or eye pain with possible herpes require prompt in-person care. A clinician can discuss testing and follow-up through local services.
Key Takeaways
- HSV may cause oral or genital sores, but many people have no symptoms.
- Antiviral medicines can help manage outbreaks but do not cure HSV.
- Transmission can occur even when sores are not visible.
- Pregnancy and severe symptoms warrant medical advice.
Sources & further reading
General health information; speak with a qualified healthcare professional for advice about your own care.